https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/4595 2025-12-01T22:55:51Z https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/8965 Title: Uso sustentável de óleo residual de fritura: abordagens socioambientais e experimentais no ensino de química Author: Zancanaro, Patricia Santini First advisor: Treichel, Helen Abstract: The growing concern about the environmental impacts of human activities is encouraging the advancement of technologies for modifying used oils and fats, as these originate from the degradation of vegetable oils used in the food industry and represent a significant source of environmental damage. This oil, when no longer suitable for frying, is frequently disposed of improperly, compromising terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In order to seek more sustainable alternatives, due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves coupled with rising oil prices, we are investigating options to explore this everexpanding market niche. Vegetable oils are renewable, favorable, and very promising sources due to their wide availability, cost-effectiveness, and lack of toxicity. Conversely, their valorization through technological routes such as transesterification for biodiesel production, enzymatic treatment, and soap manufacturing represents an environmentally viable and economically promising strategy. This work is structured as a literature review article, which explores recycling methodologies for waste from discarded vegetable oils, using a more scientific approach. It also includes a book chapter that addresses concerns about the environmental impacts of human activities, particularly the disposal of vegetable oils, which have driven the search for sustainable solutions such as soap production, biodiesel production, and enzymatic treatment, combined with the study of chemistry. This can be significantly enriched through practical activities and school projects that integrate theoretical knowledge with experimental applications, promoting effective learning and the development of critical thinking. Publisher: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Type: Dissertação 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/8767 Title: Cimento álcali ativado com cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar Author: Pollon, Rafaela First advisor: Korf, Eduardo Pavan Abstract: The aim is to make the use of raw materials around the world more rational day by day. At the same time, the environmental damage caused by the Portland Cement industry has motivated the search for environmentally less aggressive alternatives, such as Alkali-Activated Cements (AAC). This work, in this context, sought to investigate, through a systematic literature review, which are the variables of interest for the study of an alkali-activated cement (AAC) with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), as well as to develop an AAC from this residue, with carbide lime (CL) as a source of calcium and sodium hydroxide as an activator, using as variables the curing time, molarity of the activator, ash/lime ratio and comparing the one-part and two-part systems, with molded specimens and subjected to Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test, leaching test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In the systematic literature review (first part of the work), it was observed that the most commonly used activator for AAC studies with SCBA has been sodium hydroxide and that the most important variables for determining the behavior of AAC with SCBA are the presence or absence of calcium and the type of activator. The most commonly used curing times are 7 and 28 days, at room temperature. Most of the AAC studies with SCBA used activators with high molarities, causing greater environmental impact. In the second part of the work, for AAC with SCBA, CL and sodium hydroxide, the highest UCS value was 2,0 moles, in 28 days of curing, with an ash/lime ratio of 2,33 and the Two Part mixing method, reaching 1,60 MPa. It was found that the curing time was the most significant variable and there was no significant difference between the mixing methods. Furthermore, SEM, XRD and FTIR results confirmed the presence of cementing gels. Some possible applications may be stabilization of mining waste, soil stabilization, shallow foundation bases in small-scale works, etc. Publisher: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Type: Dissertação 2025-05-01T00:00:00Z https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/8600 Title: Análise do estágio de recuperação de áreas degradadas em locais que foram desenvolvidos prads na usina hidrelétrica Machadinho Author: Brunetto, Jésica Bernarda First advisor: Hartmann, Paulo Afonso Abstract: Degraded Area Recovery Plans (PRADs) play a fundamental role in environmental management and in the restoration of areas impacted by human activities. Among the projects that most alter land cover and landscape dynamics, hydroelectric plants stand out, generating significant impacts on local ecosystems. However, some of these impacts can be mitigated through PRADs, which include strategies such as soil recomposition, planting native seedlings and promoting natural regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery stage of degraded areas of the Machadinho Hydroelectric Power Plant, located in the Uruguay River Basin. To this end, were analyzed ecological indicators of environmental recovery, using as reference the parameters and methodology established by Resolution SMA 32/2014 and Ordinance CBRN 01/2015 of the State of São Paulo, in addition to complementary indicators. The evaluation was carried out through floristic and phytosociological surveys, allowing a detailed diagnosis of the ecological recovery process. The results indicated a positive trend in the regeneration of vegetation cover over time. The average soil coverage by native vegetation exceeded 80%, with 64% of the analyzed plots being classified as having an adequate level of recovery. There was an increase in the density of regenerating native individuals in the number of regenerating native species. More than 90% of the evaluated plots (94%) were in a medium or advanced successional stage of regeneration. The data suggest a progressive advance in environmental reestablishment, driven both by the natural dynamics of ecological succession and by the restoration interventions implemented. Publisher: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Type: Dissertação 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/8590 Title: Os impactos dos agrotóxicos na saúde humana: estudo dos estados brasileiros com produção agrícola expressiva Author: Camera, Roberta Wanzeniak First advisor: Galon, Leandro Abstract: The Brazilian economy is directly linked to agribusiness. Therefore, in recent decades, investments have been made in research aimed at increasing the productivity of the main crops of agricultural interest. As a consequence, there has also been a significant increase in the use of pesticides in crops, aiming at controlling pests that attack these crops. However, this increasing use has often occurred in an inappropriate and excessive manner, representing potential risks to human health. In view of this, this research analyzed the records of compulsory notifications of exogenous poisoning by pesticides in Brazilian states with a focus on agricultural production, with the aim of better understanding the occurrence of these poisonings. The study was conducted in three phases: (1) bibliographic survey and descriptive analysis; (2) documentary research in the legislation on epidemiological surveillance in health and in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN); and (3) quantitative data collection on the TabNet platform, covering the period from 2012 to 2022, in the states of Pará, Rondônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. The results show the underreporting of cases in the states analyzed, which coincide with the largest pesticide traders. Most of the people poisoned are men, white or brown, with low levels of education. Most poisoning occurs accidentally and in the workplace. It is also worth highlighting the need for more effective epidemiological surveillance, with the aim of minimizing the impacts of pesticides on human health, both in the states evaluated and, in the others, thus contributing to the reduction of cases of poisoning Publisher: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Type: Dissertação 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z