DSpace Coleção:
https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/5844
2023-10-06T10:34:38ZAtividade alimentar dos organismos do solo em áreas submetidas ao plantio direto com e sem o controle mecânico de erosão
https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/5879
Título: Atividade alimentar dos organismos do solo em áreas submetidas ao plantio direto com e sem o controle mecânico de erosão
Autor(es): Stockmann, Inara de Souza
Primeiro Orientador: Alves, Paulo Roger Lopes
Abstract/Resumen: Soil is the habitat for numerous organisms and is also the basis for agricultural
production, however, different agricultural management can cause changes in this
ecosystem, as they can change physical, chemical and biological parameters. In this
sense, the adoption of more sustainable practices, such as, for example, the
no-tillage system and the use of erosion control tend to improve the characteristics
and mitigate these impacts. The objective was to evaluate the effect of mechanical
erosion control on the feeding activity of soil organisms in areas submitted to the
no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Technological
University of Paraná, Dois Vizinhos Campus, in three different areas: Native Forest
Teaching and Research Unit (FLN) – used as a reference-; no-till area with erosion
control (PDC) and no-till area without mechanical erosion control (PDS). The feeding
activity of soil organisms was determined by the “Bait-lamina test”, which consists of
evaluating the food consumption of these organisms from the insertion of bait-lamina
in the soil. The evaluation of consumption took place after seven (agricultural areas)
and 21 days (all areas) of the implementation of the experiment, with the percentage
of average consumption and in the different soil depths calculated for each treatment.
In each evaluation period, the determination of soil moisture in the sampling areas
was also carried out. After seven days, the average percentage of feeding activity
was higher in the PDC area, compared to the PDS. After 21 days, the highest activity
was observed in the reference area, followed by PDC>PDS. The greater activity in
FLN may be a consequence of the conditions found in this environment, since
vegetation cover, an important factor for the activity of soil organisms, is observed
more effectively in this area than in agricultural areas. At different depths, a stable
consumption was observed. Soil moisture was also higher in the reference area
followed by the PDC area, and soil moisture is an important factor in the activity of
soil organisms. It is concluded that the different types of management used in the
areas can influence the food consumption of soil organisms.
Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
Tipo: Artigo Cientifico2022-07-22T00:00:00ZInterferência de doses de nitrogênio e aplicação de fungicida na severidade de mancha amarela e produtividade em trigo
https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/5873
Título: Interferência de doses de nitrogênio e aplicação de fungicida na severidade de mancha amarela e produtividade em trigo
Autor(es): Schneider, Julia Renata
Primeiro Orientador: Milanesi, Paola Mendes
Abstract/Resumen: The presence of fungi in plant tissues, in addition to reducing productivity, can influence nitrogen absorption. The objective was to evaluate the influence of different doses of N, and the application of fungicide, on the severity of yellow spot in wheat plants. An experiment was carried out in a two-factor scheme arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications, at UFFS, Campus Erechim, 2021 crop season. The wheat cultivar TBIO Toruk, moderately susceptible to yellow spot, was used and the plants were submitted to four doses of nitrogen, being: 18.25; 36; 76; and 116 kg/ha, with and without the application of fungicides. The following were evaluated: severity of yellow spot, area under the disease progress curve, chlorophyll a, b and total, ear length, number of spikelets/ear, number of grains/ear, empty grains/ear, plant height, hectoliter weight, thousand grains weight, yield, number of tillers, number of ears, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of plants, leaf area index and electrical conductivity. The data were submitted to ANOVA, using the R software, the regression equations were generated for the nitrogen rates, and the comparison test of means for the fungicide factor. As the environment was not favorable for the development of the disease, the plants treated with fungicide did not differ from those of the control for the severity of yellow spot. The thousand grains weight was higher in plants treated with fungicides, while the productivity per area was higher in the control plants. Hectoliter weight and thousand grains weight decreased with increasing N doses. It is important to repeat the same experiment in a year with favorable environmental conditions for the development of the disease, in order to compare the results obtained in that study.
Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
Tipo: Artigo Cientifico2022-07-27T00:00:00ZAvaliação do potencial de efeitos adversos de inseticidas biológicos e sintéticos
https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/5872
Título: Avaliação do potencial de efeitos adversos de inseticidas biológicos e sintéticos
Autor(es): Milani, Taiana Cezar
Primeiro Orientador: Bender, João Paulo
Abstract/Resumen: The control of pests such as leafhoppers and brown stink bugs is being increasingly applied in search of higher yields, especially in corn. Thus, seeking to protect the plantations, the use of synthetic and biological insecticides stands out. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of synthetic insecticide (Galil®) and Bioinsecticide (Aita et al., 2021) on the reproduction of springtails of the species Folsomia candida in tropical artificial soil. Chronic toxicity tests were performed in accordance with ISO 11267 (ISO, 2014), in a controlled temperature and luminosity environment. The doses of Galil® tested were 0.24; 0.48; 0.96; 1.92 and 3.84 and from Bioinsecticide 1; two; 4; 8 and 16 mg a.i./kg-¹ of dry soil. The mixture (30 g of moist soil + solution of the tested product) was placed in cylindrical glass containers and 10 adult springtails were added to each container. Soil moisture was maintained throughout the experiment at 60% of the water holding capacity. After 28 days from the beginning of the test, the contents of each container were submerged in water so that the surviving organisms float, in addition to the addition of drops of black ink to facilitate the counting of the organisms. The test was photographed and the count was made using the “Image J” program. The treatment means were compared with the control using Dunnet's test. In treatments with Galil® insecticide, EC50 values were estimated at a dose of 0.95 mg kg-¹. For the reduction in 20% of the population, the calculated EC20 was 0.36 mg kg-¹. In the treatment with synthetic insecticide, the effect of reducing reproduction started from the dose of 0.48 mg kg-¹. The bioinsecticide did not reduce the reproduction of springtails at any dose tested.
Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
Tipo: Artigo Cientifico2022-07-30T00:00:00ZDiagnóstico da variabilidade da distribuição espacial de plantas de milho no município de Cunha Porã/SC
https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/5868
Título: Diagnóstico da variabilidade da distribuição espacial de plantas de milho no município de Cunha Porã/SC
Autor(es): Lamaison, Gilberto Porto
Primeiro Orientador: Mibielli, Guilherme Martinez
Abstract/Resumen: The plant´s arrangement of a crop can be altered through changes in population, in the spacing between rows and in the spatial distribution of plants in the row. The corn is a very sensitive crop to variations in plants arrangement. One of the ways to measure the irregualarity of plants in a crop is through the survey of the Coefficient of Variation (C.V), which provides the variation of the data obtained in relation to the averege, and the lower this value is, the more adequete the distribution of plants in the crop is. Thirty corn crops in the municipality of Cunha Porã-SC were evaluated, each crop data related to plantability were extracted, taking into account the implanted crop with the respective population recommendation of the seed suppliers, the spacing between rows adopted by the producer ad the spacing between the plants in the line, seeking of identify the Coefficient of Variation adopted in the crops in relation of the acceptable limit C.V (20%). All samples of crops, regardless of the cultive showed their C.V above the acceptable minimum, demonstrating that problems related to plantability are present in 100% of the studied crops. Observing the minimum value of losses described in the literature of 64 kg ha-1 for every 10% increase in C.V, the studied crops showed an average of possible losses in the region of 120 kg ha, and when extrapolating this loss by the sum of the area where samples were taken (about 750 ha-1), we arrived at a loss to problems with plantability in the region of 90.000 kg.
Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul
Tipo: Artigo Cientifico2022-07-30T00:00:00Z