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Alterações químicas de um latossolo vermelho aluminoférrico típico submetido à calagem e gessagem

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Alterações químicas de um latossolo vermelho aluminoférrico típico submetido à calagem e gessagem Autor(es): Silva, Vinícius Sousa Primeiro Orientador: Castamann, Alfredo Abstract/Resumen: The fertility of tropical soils, particularly the Red Alumino-ferric Latosols found in Southern Brazil, is intrinsically dependent on the interactions between soil acidity, nutrient availability, and soil amendments. Consequently, elucidating the effects of liming and gypsum application on these factors is crucial for establishing a chemical environment conducive to root development and essential nutrient uptake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of limestone and agricultural gypsum, applied both individually and in combination, on the chemical properties of a Red Alumino-ferric Latosol. It was hypothesized that limestone acts predominantly in the surface layers by increasing pH and phosphorus availability, whereas gypsum facilitates the vertical translocation of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, while also indirectly affecting potassium dynamics. Results indicated higher pH and SMP index values in the 0-10 cm layer, consistent with the low mobility of limestone. Phosphorus exhibited marked surface stratification due to intense fixation by iron and aluminum oxides. Incorporated liming elevated P concentrations, aligning with the known effects of pH on nutrient desorption. Conversely, sulfur levels increased significantly in gypsum-treated plots, reflecting the high mobility of sulfate and confirming the amendment's efficacy in supplying Ca and S to the subsoil. In conclusion, liming and gypsum application function complementarily: liming neutralizes acidity and enhances phosphorus availability in the topsoil, while gypsum ameliorates subsoil fertility by supplying calcium and sulfur and influencing cation movement. Therefore, the combined use of these practices represents an efficient strategy for optimizing soil chemical conditions and fostering a balanced environment for plant growth. Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Tipo: Monografia

Contraste da qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes salvas e certificadas de aveia branca

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Contraste da qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes salvas e certificadas de aveia branca Autor(es): Engel, Carine Letícia Primeiro Orientador: Maziero, Sandra Maria Abstract/Resumen: White oat (Avena sativa) is a winter cereal widely cultivated in southern Brazil, and one of the key factors for achieving high yields is the use of high-quality seed. However, many farmers still adopt the practice of saving grain for sowing in the following season, known as ―saved seed‖ or ―farm-saved seed,‖ as permitted by legislation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the physical, physiological, and sanitary quality of saved and certified white oat seeds. Three lots of farm-saved seeds and one lot of certified seed, classified as non-certified second-generation seed (S2), were evaluated for purity, determination of other seeds by number, germination, vigor (first germination count, germination speed index, and seedling length), and fungal infection. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus. Regarding physical quality, the certified seed lot did not meet the purity standards, and only one saved-seed lot showed compliant values. The seeds most commonly contaminating the lots were ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and black oat (Avena strigosa). Concerning physiological performance, lots 1 (certified seed) and 4 (saved seed) reached high germination rates (>93%) and greater vigor. In the seed health test, all lots showed a high incidence of fungi, with infection levels above 71%, particularly by Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp. Therefore, some farm-saved white oat seed lots may exhibit physical and physiological quality superior to certified seed lots; however, most saved-seed lots show low germination and vigor, which denotes the need for laboratory importance to sowing. Regardless of origin, fungal presence was high, reinforcing the need for seed treatment. Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Tipo: Monografia

Co-inoculação em sementes de soja para componentes de rendimento

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Co-inoculação em sementes de soja para componentes de rendimento Autor(es): Follmer, Gustavo Primeiro Orientador: Maziero, Sandra Maria Abstract/Resumen: Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium in soybean crops is a sustainable practice that reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, promoting greater efficiency in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Co-inoculation, in turn, associates different microorganisms with distinct functions, contributing to a more developed root system, increased nutrient uptake, and enhanced yield potential. This strategy has gained prominence due to its agronomic, economic, and environmental benefits, especially in the pursuit of more efficient agriculture with lower environmental impact. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of seed inoculation in soybean (Glycine max) (cv. Don Mario 54IX57 RSF I2X) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and co-inoculation with Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and Azospirillum sp. on agronomic traits, yield components, and grain productivity, seeking to contribute technical information to soybean production systems. The experiment was conducted in a commercial field in the municipality of Victor Graeff, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the 2024/2025 summer growing season. The treatments evaluated were: T1 = control (no inoculation); T2 = liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum; T3 = Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis; T4 = Azospirillum brasilense; T5 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T3; T6 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T4; T7 = co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium with T3 + T4; and T8 = peat-based Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Inoculation and co-inoculation did not show statistically significant differences for most of the evaluated traits (plant stand, plant height, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield), with differences observed only for the number of pods and grains per plant. However, it is important to note that the experiment was affected by water scarcity, which negatively influenced plant development and limited the response to the microbiological treatments. Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Tipo: Monografia

Desempenho produtivo e qualidade de ovos de galinhas poedeiras, às 45 semanas de idade, alimentadas com dietas contendo farinha de larvas de tenebrio molitor sp.

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Desempenho produtivo e qualidade de ovos de galinhas poedeiras, às 45 semanas de idade, alimentadas com dietas contendo farinha de larvas de tenebrio molitor sp. Autor(es): Brack, Sandra Primeiro Orientador: Berenchtein, Bernardo Abstract/Resumen: Egg production depends on balanced diets rich in high-quaality protein, with protein-based ingredientes such as soybean meal representing one of the most studied and widely adopted alternatives in poultry nutrition. However, the instability of the grain Market and the environmental impacts associated with soybean cultivation have driven the search for alternative protein sources. In this contexto, Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) larval meal has emerged as a promising option due to its high levels of crude protein, essential amino acids, lipids, and micronutrientes, as well as its lower requirements for water and land use and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The presente study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens, at 45 weeks of age, fed diets containing Tenebrio molitor larval meal. A total of 24 Isa Brown hens were assigned to two groups: a control group receiving a conventional diet, and a treatment group in which 3% of the diet consisted of T. molitor meal partially replacing soybean meal. Throughout the experimental perios, physicalegg parameters (weight, size, shape index, and shell thickness), eggshell cleanliness, chemical composition, and internal quality traits (albumen height and weight, yolk weight and diameter, pH, and color) were assessed. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in egg production (total production and hen-day production), a significant reduction (p<0.05) in eggshell dirtiness, and na increase in shell weight in hens fed T. molitor meal, with no detrimental effects on the remaining parameters. It is concluded that the inclusion of 3% T. molitor larval meal is a viable and sustainable alternative for layer production, maintaining egg quality while contributing to reduced feed costs and environmental impacts. Instituição: Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Tipo: Monografia