Estudo da produção de biogás em escala real a partir de dejetos suínos

Abstract

The use of anaerobic digestion to reduce the pollution load of pig waste manure has been presented as a viable and promising technology, in addition to treat the effluent makes possible the use of biogas electricity generation, heating facilities and replacement of Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG, beyond the production of bio-fertilizers applied to the soil as a source of nutrients. Faced with this context, this study aimed to analyze the biogas production in full scale from pig waste, to improve the treatment system and to identify the variables that influence the process. The study was conducted in a Production Unit of Piglets - PUP, in the far west of Santa Catarina, in a system of three digesters, continuous flow of Canadian type, with retention time calculated for 30 days and capacity of 1,800 cubic meters each. They were evaluated, in two distinct seasonal periods (summer and winter), daily parameters, volume of waste with and without rail handling of waste and room temperature, effluent density, rainfall and the management of facilities. And, every week, there was physical and chemical analysis of raw manure and treated effluent, and system efficiency analysis and the calculation of the biogas production, based on the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD. For both periods analyzed, the COD removal efficiency showed an average of more than 74%. Through this analysis of Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) of raw wastewater we have that the farm can get about 0.580 Nm³ Biogas/kg DQOremoved, thus in the summer were produced during the analysis period about 16,772 Nm³ of biogas, and the biodigester 1, 2 and 3 produced, respectively, equivalent to 6,623 Nm³, 6,488 Nm³, 3,661 Nm³. In the winter period, it produced about 11,409 Nm³ biogas and for reactors 1, 2 and 3, respectively, the amount of 4,234 Nm³, 3,083 Nm³ and 4,092 biogas Nm³. The study shows how this technology feasible for the treatment of waste, and therefore for biogas production, and can be further improved by improving the quality of waste, in the agitation and sludge removal system. In the literature, they were not foundmany works in full scale, which makes the study relevant to trigger further research in the environmental area.