A transformação na paisagem a partir do uso do solo e da modernização da agricultura: um estudo de caso da vertente oeste no alto e médio curso do Arroio Guabiroba/ Sananduva-RS

Abstract

Studying the landscape from the temporal and spatial analysis means understanding the physical and social relations a certain geographic space, because, through this analysis, it’s possible identify the factors that influenced and influence in their modification. This research seeks to analyze space and temporal land use and the changes occurring in the natural landscape of the western slope at the top and middle reaches of the Guabiroba stream in the municipality of Sananduva- RS, between 1996 and 2014. In this study, sought to contextualize historical and spatial transformation of the natural landscape from the local population, featuring the main land uses and the appropriation of natural plant scenery along the historical time on a local scale, to this end, it has also become necessary to list the main factors that contributed to the acceleration of the transformation of the natural landscape and land use. The research has the theoretical support based on understanding of the different conceptions of the concept of landscape and geographic space. Based on theoretical discussions it sought to identify and discuss the concepts that are closer to the local reality, in this case, in the study area. In this sense, the methodology was based on field work, the application of qualitative research to the residents of the study area, in the interpretation of satellite images and preparation of maps that compare the amount of natural vegetation and agricultural areas in 1996 and 2014 in order to, check the changes in the natural landscape of the study area. The Brazilian landscape presents great diversity, varying according to various factors such as: climate, topography, hydrology, tectonics, soil, among others. They also vary temporally and spatially either by natural or human activities. The initial structure of the countryside consists of natural factors that determine the existence of the diversity of vegetation, soil, fauna, relief, hydrography, among others. These elements that form the natural landscape allows the existence and ownership of man, from different land uses. Diversification in land use enables the development of diversified activities, forming new landscapes dominated characteristics marked by human action, making predominate the agricultural landscapes of the natural landscapes. The landscape consists of the physical and natural factors that determine the existence and ownership of man, from different land uses. Diversification in land use produces new landscapes in which predominate characteristics marked by human action. The landscapes are constantly changing due to expansion of modern agriculture. Thus upgrading the technical basis of agricultural production accelerated the landscape transformation reducing one of the elements that compose the landscape: the natural vegetation.