Análise financeira de uma empresa industrial de Cerro Largo - RS

Abstract

According to Silva (2012), every company, through its administration, must evaluate the results that it can achieve through its management, and the ideal tool to have a broad and detailed view of these results is the financial analysis. From this, the general objective of this research was to identify the factors that influence the variations found in Company X's financial ratios between 2012 and 2016. For this, the theoretical framework explores concepts on financial management and financial analysis, also including concepts related to the following financial statements: balance sheet; statement of income for the year and; statement of cash flows. Still in the theoretical reference, the analysis tools used in the course of the work and suggested by Matarazzo (2010) and by Reis (2003) are presented, conceptualizing them, exposing their interpretation and bringing the formula used for their calculation. Already in the methodology, it is possible to identify that this research was elaborated through a case study, being characterized as descriptive and of qualitative nature, having as study target the company here denominated "Company X", so that its identity is preserved. Data collection was performed in two ways, firstly the collection of secondary data was carried out, based on the financial statements made available by the company and, finally, the primary data collection was performed, based on a semi-structured interview with the company. For the analysis of the data, the transcription and standardization of all the financial statements made available were performed. After that, a correction coefficient was applied to the values of the statements in order to change them. Then the calculations of the indices were performed, which were separated into: capital structure; liquidity; profitability and; rotation. With the analysis, it was possible to conclude that the company has been investing in the modernization of its production, since financing was made with the objective of acquiring new machines and new equipment, more modern than previous ones, to make the production within the company more agile. However, one of the problems pointed out by the analysis was the constant growth of production costs that have been influencing the reduction of net profit and, even though the reduction of this cost is a priority, the company wants to avoid staff cuts in order to stop this growth. The increase in operating expenses is another problem that has an influence on the company's net profit. These expenses have been increasing since investments were made in the monitoring and surveillance within the company and in the internet providers within the office, in addition, the company has been increasing its participation in fairs and exhibitions and, also, there was an increase in expenses in relation to the vehicles used and the trips carried out for the delivery of the goods sold. Another problem is related to the financing of the new machines and equipment, which generated the increase of interest paid by the company. The fall in sales, which had as an apparent reason the moment of economic instability in which the country is, which have been preventing customers from acquiring products.