Caracterização físico-química, atividade antimicrobiana de frutos e germinação de sete capoteira [Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg]

Abstract

The Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, popularly known as sete capotes, seven shells or capoteira belongs to the family Myrtaceae, being a fruit tree plant. This species occurs in almost all plant formations from the center west to the south of the country. Although used for consumption by local populations, work on the same is scarce. In order to collect data on the fruits of the species, three works were carried out: physical-chemical characterization and bioactive compounds; antimicrobial capacity of the alcoholic extract of the fruit; seed germination tests under different treatments. In the first study, the following variables were analyzed: mass, volume, yield, humidity, turbidity, pH, titratable acidity (AT), SS/AT, proteins, lipids, total sugars, reducing sugars, ashes, macronutrients, micronutrients, pectin, total phenolic compounds and total antioxidants. In the second work, the antimicrobial capacity of the fruit extract was evaluated through tests of minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and minimal fungicide concentration on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Monilinia fructicola. In the last experiment the effects of seed storage were determined at room temperature in ultra-freezer at -80ºC, as well as the action of thermal stratification (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100ºC in immersion in water for 10 minutes ) and finally, the result of gibberellic acid (at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg L-1) on the seeds. In front of the other species the fruit stood out as to the yield of pulp (97.39%), vitamin C (198.33 mg 100 mL-1), total phenolic compounds (312.13 mg 100 g-1), protein (1.904 g 100 mL-1), calcium (388.28), potassium (2443,88) and iron (26.95 mg kg-1). The efficacy of the extract of the fruit as bactericide in the minimum concentrations of 200 μg mL-1 for Escherichia coli and 25 μg mL-1 for Staphylococcus aureus was also observed, as well as a fungicide against phytopathogen Monilinia fructicola at a minimum concentration of 50 μg mL-1. The propagation tests demonstrated the inefficacy of the ultrafreezer storage, the percentage of germination of seeds stored for 39 days, maintaining viability at 57% after 75 days of storage, increase in the percentage of germination in seeds after thermal stratification at 40ºC and inactivity of gibberellic acid on germination.