Uso de aveia preta e nabo forrageiro no período outonal sobre atributos físicos do solo e produtividade do trigo

Abstract

In the summer, the culture that stands out most in Rio Grande do Sul is the soybean, occupying the largest range of cultivation in the state. However, in the winter, the crop with the widest scope becomes wheat, both of which are of great importance for the region's trade balance. Since their relevance to the economy and social development of the state is high, it is necessary to optimize the cultivation techniques constantly, in order to make the planting of these crops increasingly sustainable, raising their productivity and yield of the grains. Reducing the period of the off- season, this is usually 45 to 60 days, without the presence of plants on the ground, through the use of crops of less economic interest that bring benefits to the productive system. These crops – wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L) and black oats (Avena strigosa), although having a lower commercial value, present agronomic characteristics that adapt to this growing condition. The treatments used were: wild radish; black oats; mixture of 50% wild radish and 50% black oats (consortium); and fallow. The crops were planted in two plots, the first part being the seeding – when the soybean presents in the R7 phenological stage – and another one after the soybean harvest – with the use of seeder of winter crops to implant the cover crops. Each treatment was performed in 4 replicates, totaling 28 plots. We used the outdated blocks design (DBC), the means were analysis of variance and compared through the Tukey test (5%). In the soil were evaluated the density and distribution of pores, in the cover plants the dry mass production was evaluated and in the wheat crop, the dry matter, grain and ph production was evaluated. It is concluded that the best method for the implantation of cover crops is seeding on the line and for suppression of weeds, crop consortium treatment is more efficient. When the wheat yield was analyzed, the wild radish yielded the best results, however, it did not differ statistically from the other treatments – as well as the physical properties of the evaluated soil.