Sistema plantio direto: utilização de suas premissas para viabilidade e sustentabilidade da agricultura com enfoque nas Missões, Rio Grande Do Sul

Abstract

No-tillage introduced under in Brazil the initiative of farmers and later was improved by the research institutions, being called the no-tillage system, to overcomethe problems encountered in conventional soil cultivation. The no-tillage system constitutes an important management system for soil conservation and for the sustainability of agriculture, but for the success of the no-tillage system it is necessary that it be employed with all its basic premises. In the Missoões region of Rio Grande do Sul and other regions of Brazil many of its premises were neglected, leading to the crisis of the system and the consequent return of problems of conventional cultivation and the expansion of others (soil erosion, excessive use of inputs, or reduction of productivity, soil degradation, water pollution, compaction and soil densification). The present work has the objective of elaborating a production model for annual grain crops for the Missões region, so that the premises of the no-tillage system are resumed, presenting the benefits of the practices and guidelines for the beginning, repair and continuity of the system, with rotation and diversification of crops, the use of cover crops and the resumption of complementary practices to combat soil erosion, through the consultation of articles, technical bulletins, books, manuals and other relevant sources using research platforms and collections. With the models of crop rotation proposed in this work it is possible to produce the amount of straw required by the system, corn presents itself as an indispensable crop to compose the crop rotation system. The use of cover crops and green manure are fundamental to the supply of straw in quality, quantity and frequency to make the system no tillage system stable and to present its effects by the improvement provided by the increase of the biodiversity and organic matter of the system, thus jointly with complementary soil conservation practices, erosion can be reduced to insignificantlevels.