Influência do fenômeno ENOS sobre a cultura do milho no Brasil

Abstract

Corn is one of the most produced cereals in the world, due to its high adaptability, being Brazil the third largest producer in the world. However, corn productivity in the country suffers direct influence of the environment, changes in precipitation and temperature, interfering in production, causing great concern and decision making of farmers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the averages of the productivities, production and area planted by state and Brazil and their relation with the occurrence of El Niño, La Niña and normal years phenomena. In order to define the occurrence of the ENSO phenomenon, the difference between the sea surface temperature in the Niño 3.4 region provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the historical data provided by the Companhia Nacional e Abastecimento (CONAB) will be used. In the years of occurrence of each phase of the ENSO phenomenon will be the standard deviation, thus we will have historical series of the corn crop classified according to the phenomena. From the evaluation of the historical series it was verified that in years of occurrence of La Niña it is heard a greater productivity and production of maize in all the states and in the general average of the country.