Eficiência do extrato etanólico de própolis e do óleo essencial de gengibre no controle de doenças fúngicas, na indução de resistência e no desenvolvimento do feijoeiro comum

Abstract

The common bean crop has great importance, both economic and nutritional, but its production is influenced by limiting factors such as fungal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the propolis ethanolic extract (EEP) and the essential oil of ginger (OEG) in isolated or combined form in the control of fungal diseases, induction of resistance and common bean development. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the 5x5 factorial scheme, with biweekly application in common bean plants of the following treatments: Witness (distilled water); 1% EEP; 1.5% EEP, 0.5% OEG and 0.5% OEG + 1% EEP. In this experiment, samples were collected for biochemical analyzes of peroxidases and polyphenoloxidases. Also evaluated was the fresh and dry mass of pods, number of pods and grains, and grain mass. In the laboratory were carried out bioassays of inhibition of spore germination and germ size of Pseudocercospora griseola and Oidium sp in the 10x4 factorial scheme. In addition to the control (distilled water) concentrations of 1, 1,5 and 2% of EEP were evaluated; 0.1, 0.5 and 1% of the OEG; 0.1% OEG + 0.2% EEP; 0.5% OEG + 1% EEP and 1% OEG + 2% EEP. It was observed higher accumulation of dry mass of the pods in the treatment with 0.5% OEG, and higher grain yield with treatments 0.5% OEG and 1% EEP. There was no difference between the treatments in the biochemical analyzes. There was greater inhibition of spore germination with increased EEP and OEG concentration for both phytopathogens. The results indicate antifungal effect and in the development and production of common bean by EEP and OEG, isolated or combined.