Avaliação do tempo de diagnóstico e gravidade de cetoacidose diabética em pacientes pediátricos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To provide the epidemiological profile of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (CAD) and the factors associated with the most severe cases and complications. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of the 0 to 13 year old population hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency room and in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The sample was chosen by convenience, the pacients admitted between June/2014 and August/2018 were included. The confidence interval used was 95%. RESULTS: Twenty patients were analyzed, most of them had no diagnosis in the admission. 55% of the pacients had moderate, 25% had light, and 20% had severe intensity diabetic ketoacidosis. The most common symptoms at hospitalization were polydipsia, polyuria, abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. Infections preceded the condition in 30% of cases. The most frequent complications were hypophosphoremia, hypokalemia and hyponatremia. More severe complications such as cerebral edema, coma, and death were uncommon. CONCLUSION: The management of diabetic ketoacidosis cases in the service was homogeneous. Only 25% of the pacients presented with light diabetic ketoacidosis, the rest of the pacients had moderated and severe cases