Comportamento adaptativo da cultura do pessegueiro na Região Missioneira

Abstract

A temperate plant, the peach tree belongs to the rosacea family. Originally from China, it arrived in Brazil brought by the Portuguese around 1500. The peach tree adapted very well to the southern region, due to the climatic characteristics like the center of origin, commercial production started around the 60's and nowadays Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for 60% of national production. Genetic improvement seeks to develop cultivars adapted to more tropical climatic zones, where the accumulation of cold hours is less, then the importance of phenology arises, which seeks to study the adaptive behavior of living beings and their relationship with the climate. This work evaluated the vegetative growth and phenology of peach cultivars in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Cerro Largo-RS. The experiment was carried out from March to October 2019, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul-Campus Cerro Largo, where the soil is classified as Oxisol, and climate characterized as Cfa. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (DIC), consisting of four treatments, which were the cultivars (Chimarrita, Eldorado, BRS Regalo and BRS Kampai), and nine replications per cultivar, being the experimental unit composed of one plant. The plants were selected based on the weight of the material taken from each plane in the green pruning carried out in March 2019. Being evaluated the pruning dry mass, plant height, trunk diameter, height of the leg forming branches, diameter of the branches. leg formers, crown volume, plant defoliation, and bud and flowering phenology. It can be concluded that under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Cerro Largo-RS, regarding the vegetative evaluation the cultivar BRS Regalo presented the best averages in relation to the other cultivars. As for defoliation occurred for all cultivars on May 21, 2019. As for the flowering and bud phenology, both had their uniform beginnings between cultivars, but the end occurred unevenly.