Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal

Abstract

Context - Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has two major clinical forms, Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Its prevalence and behavior are well-known in several countries. However, there are no epidemiological data of this pathology in the region of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Objective - To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated at a specific outpatient clinic at Passo Fundo Hospital, RS, Brazil, in order to verify the most prevalent clinical form, sex and age group with major involvement, signs and symptoms, extraintestinal symptoms, most used treatment and mean return visits. Methods - Thirty-six patients seen between 04/28/2016 and 05/21/2018 were initially included in this study, with any clinical form of the disease, evaluating the data of their medical records, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the proponent institution. Of 36 participants, 2 were excluded for non-return (single consultation). Data from 34 patients were analyzed with absolute and relative frequency distribution, central tendency and dispersion measurements. Results - Of 34 participants, 53% were women. The most representative age group was from 19 to 59 years old (79.4%). The mean age was 46.1 years (± 14.8). Crohn's disease was the predominant form (53%). Diarrhea was the most prevalent symptom, affecting 88.2% of the patients. Extraintestinal symptoms were present, represented by arthralgia and mood disorder, both with 41.2% prevalence, and fistula, observed in 17.6%. Mesalazine was the most used drug, separately (47%), although most patients used multiple drugs (53%). Most participants returned between 11 and 19 times during the 11 months of the study. Conclusion - IBD behavior in Passo Fundo is in agreement with data from Brazilian literature, as well as from other developing countries. However, further studies are required to evaluate the actual prevalence of the disease.