O trabalho dos catadores de materiais recicláveis e sua tessitura na relação com o espaço: um estudo na cidade de Erechim (RS)

Abstract

This research proposal focused on the living and working conditions of recyclable waste collectors from Arcan in the city of Erechim / RS. Thus, special attention was given to the meanings produced by these subjects, based on the appropriations they make of the work space and the relationship they have with their work, considering that these processes contribute to the construction of the knowledge they hold about themselves and the social reality. Considering the purposes of this research, a qualitative methodology was chosen. The empirical stage was developed based on the participant observation with the application of a socio demographic questionnaire, production of photographic records by the research subjects, guided by guiding questions and focus group. The study of the data produced was carried out through content analysis, inspired by Bardin's technique (2011) and, in this context, two thematic categories emerged: work space and the meaning of work. In this perspective, it is observed that, through the work and social interactions which happen in the Arcan warehouse, such as the way they organize the space, these subjects leave their marks in it, transforming it. Even this work space being full of challenges there are possibilities for its users to create their own spaces, with their marks and signs of belonging and identity. This way, the existence of micro territories at Arcan were observed, with boundaries which allow exchanges, passages, and sharing among the individuals that circulate through them. A generational division is present in the group of participants, which directly influences the senses undertaken by these subjects in relation to their work: while the younger ones have perspectives of changes and see their occupation by the bias of temporary job, the group of the more experienced expresses meanings aimed at achievement, belonging and social recognition. The group interprets their work as a provider of survival and sustenance, projecting a dignified occupation. In addition, the environmental perspective is present, since they see their work as an indispensable role for the preservation of the planet. It was possible to identify the feeling of shame among the youngest, when declaring themselves as waste collectors, which gives rise to the thought that the most experienced workers have already had the opportunity to construct and reconstruct the meanings of their work, giving them the sense of self achievement. Unhealthy working conditions of these subjects were also realized, considering that they are vulnerable to the most diverse risks in the manipulation of materials or simply staying in the place, which characterize negative aspects of this occupation. The positive aspects are linked to aspects such as the transformation that these actors operate in something that society classifies as junk for something that comes to shape its source of survival. This can be understood as one of the meanings of the work, capable of generating gratification and recognition and certain identification.