Utilização de microalgas recuperadas e uso de Trichoderma koningiopsis na produção de biocompostos com aplicações ambientais

Abstract

The search for alternative culture media to the conventional synthetic media has been concentrated in many by-products of agriculture and livestock, due to the potential to serve as raw material in fermentation processes. In order to add value to the use of biomass and make fermentation processes cheaper, this work focuses on the use of biomass from microalgae recovered from the tertiary polishing of swine effluents as substrate in fermentation. In this sense, the central objective of this study was to investigate the potential of biocomposites produced by submerged fermentation, using Trichoderma koningiopsis and recovered microalgae biomass in three different applications: (I) Bioherbicidal agents in the pre and postemergence of Cucumis sativus and weeds (Bidens pilosa, Conyza bonariensis, Urochloa plantaginea and Euphorbia heterophylla) respectively; (II) Production of enzymes of industrial and environmental interest; (III) Degradation of synthetic dyes (red, blue, yellow and brown) used by the textile industry. For this, preliminary tests were carried out using fresh and freezedried biomass, with and without pre-treatment by ultrasound. Subsequently, a Central Rotational Compound Design (CCRD) was performed to investigate the effect of operational parameters such as temperature (20-45 ºC), agitation (0-200 RPM) and pH (3-14) on fungal performance and enzyme production profiles. The biocomposites produced in this study were relevant for the control in the pre-emergence of the model plant Cucumis sativus, with vigor rates of up to 8.05% and in the post-emergence of the weed Conyza bonariensis with phytotoxic damage of up to 100% after 15 days of application. Among the enzymes analyzed, peroxidases were the ones that showed the highest activity, and the brown dye was the one that showed the most promising degradation among the tested textile dyes (about 54.42% of degradation). In this study, the integration of bioprocesses and circular economy, through the recovery of raw material, it is promising, both for the valorization of biomass and for the production of biocomposites with high added value and with different functionalities with zeal for sustainability and environment.