Esterilização cirúrgica na região de Saúde Fronteira Noroeste como forma de Política Pública para Planejamento Familiar

Abstract

Free exercise of family planning in Brazil is guaranteed in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 and by Law 9263/1996, which establishes, as a role of the State, the obligation to guarantee men, women and couples assistance with conception and contraception, promoting equal access to information, means, methods and techniques available for regulation of fertility — among them voluntary sterilization. This study aimed to identify access to family planning through one of its devices — voluntary surgical sterilization — offered to SUS users, in the "Fronteira Noroeste" health region, belonging to the 14th CRS/RS, in order to think about possibilities of improvement of family planning, as a public health policy, and development in the light of national legal frameworks and the role of local governments, as policy promoters for the health area. It specifically aimed to organize and analyze data on access to surgical sterilization as an integral element of public policy on family planning in the 14th CRS region from 2010 to 2019, in addition to identifying alternatives to strengthen access to voluntary sterilization by SUS. The research was classified as qualitative, exploratory and descriptive with a quantitative component. Data were collected through documentary and bibliographic research, with analysis and interpretation through content analysis. The results showed that access to contraception through voluntary surgical sterilization, in most municipalities, is limited, being mostly restricted to users in the host city of the Fronteira Noroeste health region. Likewise, the expansion of access, provided by Brazilian legislation, was limited to the same municipality. This scenario allows us to affirm that efforts applied in this direction have not yet been able to eliminate interregional inequalities — compromising the integrality of care and the consolidation of effective regionalization of the health system — and, according to Amartya Sen's perspective, adopted in the work, nor the sources of deprivation of liberty, conceived as obstacles to the constitution of the development process.