Análise da bioatividade de extratos e do óleo essencial da folha de campomanesia xanthocarpa o. Berg sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas

Abstract

Many species have in their secondary metabolism some bioactive compounds capable to interfere in other organism's metabolism, these compounds were found in some plants from the Campomanesia gender. The research evaluates the bioherbicide effect from the essential oil, aqueous extract (EAQ), methanolic extract (EAM), and acetone extract (EAC) from C. xanthocarpa, in two different concentrations, 1, and 5% (m/v), in the growth of two species, Triticum aestivum and Medicago sativa. The essential oil was obtained in a Clevenger device, while the extracts were obtained in a Soxhlet extractor. The oil and the extracts were applied in the plantlets that were in a petri dish, then stayed there for 72 hours, in a BOD germination chamber. After this time the plantlets were evaluated in their total length, aerial part, and root length. They’re also analyzed for symptomatology in response to treatments. The phenols in the extracts and the essential oil were quantified and analyzed in liquid chromatography and the Folin-Ciocalteau test. The essential oil caused the bigger interference in the initial growth in both species, able to inhibit the aerial part in a 5% concentration. In the radicle, the oil caused the same response in 1% and 5%. Looking only at the extracts, They didn’t have a difference in the aerial parts in wheat plantlets, however, the radicles and the total length were interfered with by the acetone and methanolic extracts at 5% concentration. The M. sativa plantlets also don’t suffer interference from the extracts. In the radicles, the methanolic extract at 1% interfered more than the others treatments at this concentration and was similar to all the extracts at 5% concentration, which were all equivalents. Looking for symptoms, only the M. sativa plantlets showed abnormalities like swelling, radicle thinning, and radicle oxidation. The methanolic and aqueous extracts had the biggest phenolic concentration per gram.