Germinação de sementes e crescimentos de plântulas de trigo submetidas à diferentes concentrações de cobre

Abstract

The profitability of a given crop depends on the choice of less costly inputs and similar efficiency. In the wheat crop, chemical fertilization is responsible for the greater participation in the production costs of the crop, to meet this nutritional demand and to reduce production costs. using pig slurry constantly in southern Brazil, but this massive use of waste tends to cause an accumulation of some nutrients in the soil, such as copper, in excess copper can trigger phytotoxic problems to the wheat crop. In this way, the objective of the work was to analyze experimentally the effect of different doses of copper under the germination and initial development of wheat. The experiment was carried out in the Seeds and Grains laboratory of the Federal University of the Southern Border in a plot of plots subdivided into blocks at random, with cross - classification and 4 replicates. The seeds were divided into 4 batches of 12 replicates of 50 seeds and each replicate was seeded on germitext paper, previously moistened with a volume of water corresponding to 2.5 times the weight of the paper. The water used to soak the 4 batches was increased by different concentrations of copper sulphate (CuSO4), so that the final concentrations of copper were 0.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 150.0 mg/L, generating four different treatments. The paper rolls were kept in germinators at a constant temperature of 20ºC, and the evaluations were performed in 4 replicates of each treatment in the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth days after sowing. The germination had a decrease in its percentage as the copper dose increased. When not using copper it was observed a greater length of the aerial part of the wheat seedlings in relation to the seeds treated with the element, in this variable there was a 50% decrease in the length of aerial part with the use of the larger dose in comparison to the control treatment. The root length was the vegetative part most affected by the use of copper. Wheat seedlings averaged 8 cm less of root at the highest dose (150.0 mg/L) in relation to the control dose.