A capacidade funcional e os determinantes sociais da saúde do idoso em um município do Oeste Catarinense

Abstract

This is a population-based, quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional epidemiological study. The aim was to analyze the functional capacity and social determinants of health of the elderly, through the scales of Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), integrating an instrument that characterized 35 elderly in the municipality of Chapecó (SC). Data collection took place at the Family Health Centers and at the residences of the registered elderly. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, absolute and relative frequency. The results showed that the elderly group interviewed for this study consists of mostly female (60%), in the 60 to 65 age group (28.6%), white (91.4%), married (51.4%), with one to five children (61.5%), able to read / write (74.3%) and having completed primary education (57.4%). The results also indicated depression, cancer and diabetes as the most prevalent comorbidities in the group, as well as a majority of elderly who had never smoked, had no habit of using alcohol and had not fallen in the last year. About the Social Determinants of Health (SDH), most of the elderly did not use community resources (74.3%), lived in brick houses (51.4%), enjoyed a neighborhood with good sidewalks (60%), few hills limiting the way, no garbage accumulation near their homes, no open sewage, and a neighborhood with good green areas. These seniors were retirees, but mostly not pensioners, and most had no other form of income either. The Daily Life Activities showed that the majority of the participants were independent for the BADL categories, as well as for the IADL dimensions. SDHs are believed to interfere with the maintenance of functional capacity and the health-disease process. With them, it is possible to analyze life from a broad horizon of situations in which inequity and inequalities between populations are routinely present. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP / UFFS), CAAE 21487919.6.0000.5564, with Opinion number. 3,709,477.