Potencial emprego de macrófitas na remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo em águas residuárias no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

This study is a literature review about the use of the macrophytes Alternanthera philoxeroides, Nymphoides indica and Salvinia auriculata in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from wastewater. Macrophytes were selected according to occurrence in the state of Rio Grande do Sul; nutrient removal efficiency, their biotype and the largest amount of study available. The methodology consists of a review of previously published studies on each macrophytes, in order to identify which is the best alternative for removing nutrients from aqueous effluents. The advantages and disadvantages present in the use of macrophytes are reported, such as the problem of free floating being dragged by the current and its advantage in the implementation of wetlands, in addition to the respective potential for use in the treatment of wastewater. The study found through bibliographical research that the macrophyte Salvinia auriculata obtained better results, when taking into account the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, with averanges from 61,2% e 69,0% respectively.