A anterioridade ontológica da individuação: um estudo a partir das teorias de João Duns Scotus, de Edith Stein e de Sigmund Freud

Abstract

ABSTRACT This Dissertation aims to investigate how it can be understood the constitution of the subject in contemporary thinking, seeking to show the ontological priority of the individuation in relation to the identity. For this, our work is divided into three chapters, which are: 1) Duns Scotus: the ontological priority of individuation; 2) The Constitution of the individual in the philosophical anthropology of Edith Stein; and 3) The Constitution of the psychic subject in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. The first chapter deals with the principle of individuation formulated by John Duns Scotus and, through the conceptual framework provided by the Scotus ́s theory, aims to show the ontological priority of the individuation in relation to the identity. The second chapter investigates how Edith Stein understands the ontological structure of the human person. Edith Stein elaborates a theory of individuation, which makes each individual unique and unrepeatable. In Stein’s theory, the human person has a structure that guarantees to the ontological substrate called individual have a priority in relation to identity. The third chapter investigates the conception of psychic subject in the theory formulated by Sigmund Freud. In psychoanalysis, the subject emerges from the relationships established through language and develops subjectivity throughout its existence. In order for subjectivity to be developed, there must be previously the ontological substrate called individual, for subjectivity does not make every human being unique and unrepeatable, but it expresses the singularity of each individual.