O uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura familiar na comunidade São João Baixo, município de São João da Urtiga-RS

Abstract

The use of pesticides in family farming in the municipality of São João da Urtiga-RS has been growing in recent times in a gradual and threatening way to the environment and people's health. The population increased and with it the need for greater production and subsistence cultivation. It is not known for sure, but it is believed that this use is done in an exaggerated way and due to the lack of knowledge of farmers to combat pest and disease control in crops. If we compare at a global level, Brazil is a great consumer of pesticides. Technological advance is based on the current development model, which in turn causes many environmental, social, political and economic impacts for several areas. The research on the subject, seeks to study and evaluate the impacts caused by the use of pesticides in family farming, their use in rural areas, active ingredients most used by family farmers in the community of São João Baixo in the municipality of São João da Urtiga- LOL. The case study was carried out in the city of São João da Urtiga-RS, where some farmers answered a questionnaire with topics related to pesticides and their use in the cultivation areas. The study is distinguished as qualitative and quantitative, with an exploratory and descriptive approach. Crops with the highest and lowest degree of pesticide use in the investigated properties in the community of São João Baixo were described and analyzed. The active ingredients used in these properties, the predominant crops, as well as the way in which farmers use these products, the likely impacts arising from the continuous and inappropriate use of these pesticides and whether they have any knowledge about an alternative way to the use of pesticides were surveyed . The study showed that farmers are using pesticides in all their crops and that they do not know much about the effects on health and the environment. As for the impacts caused by the use of pesticides in family farming, some reports of bee deaths and contamination of rivers and drains due to their use in rural areas were detected. The active ingredients most used by family farmers in the agricultural environment in the community of São João Baixo in São João da Urtiga-RS are Roundup (Glyphosate), a low toxic class IV herbicide; Paraquat (Gramocil), is a herbicide that fights weeds at low cost and has high efficiency, however it is prohibited by Anvisa it is highly toxic class II, there are some substitutes for it which are Diquate and Gluphosinate. Trifloxystrobin/Prothioconazole (Fox), is a fungicide used for preventive treatment and is highly toxic, class II; Teflubenzuron (Nomolt), is a low toxic insecticide, among others, and is used in the cultivation of soybeans, corn, wheat, oats and some citrus fruits and in grapevines. However, all respondents contributed towards wanting to learn and learn about new management techniques to reduce the use of pesticides. It is at this time that a campaign should be carried out and projects carried out that enable knowledge of new techniques for the alternative use of pesticides to produce a good, cheaper and healthier product.