Diversidade da macrofauna epiedáfica em tifton cultivado com adubação orgânica e mineral

Abstract

The edaphic macrofauna corresponds to organisms with a body diameter above 2 mm (ants, termites, beetles, spiders, among others), which are part of a group of important organisms in the degradation of plant and animal remains (such as cattle, poultry and animal waste). swine), in addition to contributing to the formation of galleries, which improve soil aeration, water infiltration rate, incorporating organic material in depth, structuring the soil. And a way to verify how the management of fertilization affects the culture and the soil, is through the soil edaphic fauna. The objective of this work was to evaluate the abundance and diversity of organisms belonging to the soil epiedaphic macrofauna in the tifton culture, managed with organic, organic plus mineral and only mineral fertilization. The study was carried out in December 2021, on a rural property, divided into three separate areas, located in the municipality of Caibaté, northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul. The order Hymenoptera was the one with the highest abundance, followed by the orders Coleoptera and Diptera. The area managed with organic fertilization; showed lower levels of Shannon's diversity, Simpson's dominance and Pielou's evenness, not differing statistically from the area with mineral organic fertilization. The area where only mineral fertilization occurred showed the best rates. The results rejected the hypothesis that the area with organic fertilization would present greater fauna diversity. However, the results were possibly influenced by the different managements of the sites, in which the area with organic fertilization was under high grazing pressure (pickets) and with low dry mass of the aerial part, while the areas with mineral fertilization aimed at cutting the tifton. (hay) and had high green cover at the time of evaluation. In this way, it is suggested the need for more work evaluating intervals between cuts, period from cutting to evaluation and their influences on the populations of organisms within the forage.