Modelagem matemática da viabilidade econômica de um sistema fotovoltaico on grid: aplicações de sistemas de equações não-lineares

Abstract

The use of renewable energies as an alternative for the production of electricity is a public policy debate. The Brazilian territory has high levels of solar radiation, and with that, a significant energy potential, still underused due to fiscal obstacles related to the capital costs for this type of enterprise. The present work is part of this context, and aims to develop a mathematical model for the analysis of the economic feasibility of installing an on-grid photovoltaic system. The model is composed of a system of non-linear equations formed by the functions of Revenue and Expense, whose solution is the payback time. The functions were obtained by fitting exponential curves on experimental data of costs and revenues of photovoltaic systems selected from the literature and monetarily corrected. The system solution was found using the Simple Network Search Method (MPRS), Refinement Network Search Method (MPRR), and the Geometric Method (MG). The simulations showed that the MPRR and the MG showed greater efficiency from the point of view of computational performance and convergence than the MPRS, but the three numerical methods determined more accurate results for the payback time, when compared with economic models.