O sentimento de natureza do Pré-Romantismo Alemão: filosofia, arte e poesia no projeto epistêmico-filosófico do Sturm und Drang

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between aesthetic-philosophical knowledge and the idea of nature filled with sentimental aspects in the intellectual movement of the First German Romanticism of the early 18th century. This task refers to an artistic and philosophical journey, closely linked to the development of the Western civilization. Thus, some of the main epistemological differences between German Pre-Romanticism and the Philosophical Enlightenment will be highlighted. In part, the Philosophical Enlightenment, through the instrumentalism of reason, led to the structuring of Modern Science. This, through the mathematical principles, established a vision of a mechanistic nature. On the other hand, trying to break free from the emotional bondage imposed by philosophical rationalism and the straightforward and homogeneous objectivity of mathematical calculus, the thinkers of the First German Romanticism through literature, dramaturgy, poetry, and painting will elaborate a project Epistemological alternative to that consolidated by Issac Newton (1643-1727). In this sense, we will analyze some artistic representations that marked German Pre-Romanticism as an intellectual movement linked to a worldview filled with lyrical, sentimental and emotive faces. In addition to briefly presenting the analytical theories of the early sturns - Herder, Goethe and Schiller - the development of this task will be aided by significant paintings and poetry that portrayed the nostalgic and paranoid feeling for the infinity of nature. Likewise, Goethe's Werther, one of the main works of romantic literature of the eighteenth century, will be analyzed to highlight the emotional values of nature.