Biocontrole do mofo branco em feijoeiro

Abstract

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most consumed foods by Brazilians, however, its production goes through several productive obstacles, among them, diseases. White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is one of the most damaging diseases in common bean crops. It is present in 8.6% of cultivated areas in Brazil and can cause up to 50% loss of productivity in some crops. Because of this, biological control becomes an important tool used in the integrated management of this disease. Organisms of the genera Trichoderma and Bacillus are a representative percentage of the sources of study in the area of biological control of diseases and promotion of plant growth. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of biological control and growth promotion of species of the genus Trichoderma and Bacillus on the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean crops. The experiment was carried out in two stages, the first in the Plant Phytopathology Lab and the second in the greenhouse of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, in the city of Cerro Largo - RS. The first stage, called in vitro test, aimed to establish the compatibility between the microorganisms used as treatments. The tested combinations were: Trichoderma asperellum + Trichoderma harzianum; Trichoderma asperellum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In the second stage, called in vivo, 5 treatments were used: the control, B. amyloliquefaciens, T. harzianum, T. asperellum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 repetitions, totaling 20 experimental units. In the in vitro test, compatibility was observed only for the combination of T. asperellum + T. harzianum. In the in vivo test, it was observed that the treatment T. asperellum + T. harzianum has the potential to biocontrol white mold and promote the growth of the common bean crop.