Análise dos efeitos das alterações ambientais sobre aves silvestres em ecossistema urbano e meio rural no município de São Lourenço do Oeste, SC

Abstract

Impacts caused by anthropic action have resulted in the loss of biodiversity, leading to species extinction, environmental degradation and a decrease in the quality of life of birds. At the same time that some have the ability to adapt to the new anthropized environment, others disappear, looking for places that have changed little so that they can meet their needs. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of environmental factors and their relationship with wild birds in urban and rural environments in the municipality of São Lourenço Do Oeste, SC. Carry out a qualitative and quantitative survey of avifauna in the rural and urban areas of the municipality of São Lourenço Do Oeste, SC. To collect the birds, two mist nets installed on a pre-existing trail were used. After the individual was collected, this received a marking with tattoo ink on the upper part of the tibia. Taxonomic group, trophic guild, habitat type, and foraging stratum were considered. With the data obtained, it was calculated for each species. Capture effort, Similarity analysis between areas, punctual abundance index (IPA). The qualitative result indicated the presence of 21 species and 160 individuals were captured in 7,680 h.m² of sampling effort. The predominant species was Turdus leucomelas (barranco thrush) and Turdus rufiventris (orange thrush) in both sample areas. As for habitat use, 72% (8 species) in area 1 (A1) use open environments (AA), 9% (1 species) demanding forest environments (F), 18% (2 species) generalist areas (G). In area 2 (A2), 64.70% (11 species) are from open environments (AA), 29% (5 species) are forest environments (F) and 5.8% (1 species) are occupied by generalists (G) .100% of the species in A1 showed low sensitivity, and in A2 11.76% of the species showed medium sensitivity and 88.23% of the species showed low sensitivity. Regarding the diet of birds, for both fragments most of the recorded species were classified as omnivorous. The similarity of species richness between the fragments was 0.85, this means that the areas have 50% similarity. The IPA results in the fragments varied between 0.5 (3 contacts) and 1.875 (15 contacts) in A1 and 0.5 (3 contacts) and 2.25 (18 contacts) in A2, followed by granivores, which represent 25% and insectivores 21%.