Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com tumor na região selar

Abstract

Introduction: About 10 to 15% of brain tumors occur in the sellar region. Because they present themselves in different ways, their diagnosis and therapy become complex. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients affected by tumors in the sellar region who underwent surgery. Methodology: Cross-sectional quantitative study, carried out in a tertiary hospital in the city of Passo Fundo - RS. The sample was non-probabilistic, defined for convenience, with patients undergoing neurosurgery for a tumor in the sellar region from January 2015 to December 2021. Numerical variables consisted of position measurements (mean and median) and dispersion (standard deviation and interquartile range). Categorical variables were described using absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. EpiData and PSPP software were used for data transcription and analysis. Results: Most patients were female (66%), with the age group 20-59 years being the most prevalent (63.2%). The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (40.5%) followed by visual impairment as the most predominant symptom (48.1%). Pituitary adenoma represented 78.3% of the cases, 86.7% being macroadenomas and 62.7% non-secreting. Growth hormone (GH) was the most secreted (45.2%) and acromegaly was the main complication (45.2%). 95.3% underwent transsphenoidal surgery, with an average hospital stay of less than 10 days (73.6%) and evolution to clinical-surgical discharge (90.6%). Conclusion: Pituitary adenomas account for 85% of sellar lesions with surgical indication. Other less prevalent lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in young adults and children