Cuidado de enfermagem oncológico no contexto da hebiatria: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Hebiatrics is an area that involves the context of adolescence and youth. The diagnosis and experience of cancer in this population are complex processes and nursing, as the main articulator and responsible for care, ends up experiencing the health status, vulnerability and crises of these individuals at all times. The objective is to analyze in the scientific evidence how oncological nursing care is developed in hebiatrics. This is an integrative literature review study. To elaborate the question, the PICo strategy was used. Data search took place in June 2022 in the SCOPUS, Web of Science, PUBMED, Embase, Adolec and LILACS databases using combined strategies for selection with controlled descriptors for nursing care, hebiatrics and oncology. Inclusion criteria: original research articles with full text, which dealt with care in the nursing area with adolescents (10 to 19 years old) and young people (age up to 24 years old), with cancer regardless of the type of tumor and staging, chemotherapy treatment antineoplastic, including those in palliative care available in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Exclusion criteria were reflection/theoretical studies, case studies, editorials or response letters, comments, manuals, protocols, experience reports, abstracts published in annals of events, monographs, dissertations and theses. The selection and evaluation of studies and data collection were carried out by three reviewers, namely the author and two scientific initiation scholarship holders, who worked together, through independent double blind. Searches were transferred to the Rayyan web application for study selection. Data were analyzed in the form of descriptive thematic analysis. Of the 1,132 articles identified, 13 were selected to compose the present review using the Prisma model for selection. Most of the studies were developed in the United States of America, in 2008, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative and all were level of evidence V. The results were divided into three predominant themes that were related to nursing care in hebiatrics in the oncological context which were: Sexuality in the context of oncological hebiatrics, Specificities of oncological treatment in hebiatrics and Palliative care in hebiatrics. These axes mainly highlighted the need for more knowledge and preparation to understand the phenomenon of oncological nursing care in hebiatrics. Therefore, it was identified in this study that oncological nursing care in hebiatrics has been developed with unprepared professionals, with a lack of knowledge, requiring educational investment to improve the outcome in nursing practice, with the creation of tools, educational materials, courses, lectures , discussions of clinical cases, training and evaluations of clinical competence, considering the knowledge experienced by nurses in their daily practice so that educational programs remain up-to-date and responsive.