Mortalidade por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica nas macrorregiões do Rio Grande do Sul: análise temporal e diferenças demográficas

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the trend of mortality by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), from 2015 to 2019, using data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Ministry of Health. Methods: A descriptive and ecological study of mortality rates by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, according to ICD 10 - J43 and J44, was carried out in the seven health macro-regions of RS. Data were obtained from the DATASUS TABNET database. The analysis was performed using temporal trend graphs and calculation of age-adjusted mortality rates. Results: The data revealed that death rates from COPD showed an upward trend in RS in all years of the study, with the exception of 2017, in which a significant drop in mortality from COPD was recorded considering the previous year (2016). The highest mortality rate in Rio Grande do Sul was found in the Vale macro-region. Death rates were higher in men than in women, in all macro-regions of RS. Approximately 88% of deaths were reported by ICD 10 – J44 (Other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases), while 12% were classified as emphysema. Elderly people aged 60 years or older account for more than 90% of deaths. Conclusion: COPD mortality showed an increasing trend in Rio Grande do Sul, which is worrying. The highest death rate was recorded in the Vale macro-region, which has the lowest HDI in the state. It can also be stated that the greater the age, the greater the lethality of the disease. It is interesting that public policies and health interventions contribute to maintaining epidemiological surveillance to monitor the evolution of the pathology in the different macro-regions of RS, reducing mortality from COPD.