Prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e de outros fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em adultos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death and morbidity in both developed and emerging countries. It is understood that both Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and the risk factors related to it, if perpetuated, they can result in the emergence of other acute or chronic cardiovascular problems. Objective: to quantify the prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in adult patients, treated as basic health units in Marau, during the year 2019. Methodology: this is a cross-sectional study of character descriptive, totaling 1581 records selected through systematic sampling. After calculating the prevalence of hypertension, the subsample with SAH was characterized and used to analyze the prevalence of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Risk factors were considered non-modifiable (age; biological sex; ethnicity; scholarity; occupation) or modifiable (alcoholism; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; obesity - through BMI -; physical inactivity smoking; stress). Results: the prevalence of hypertension was 19.8% (313 individuals had SAH in a sample of, 1581 medical records). In the sample with SAH, 71.2% were white; 64.5% were female; 56.9% were between 50–59 years old and 44.4% had not completed elementary school. In view of the modifiable risk factors, the following stand out: sedentary lifestyle (97.1%); obesity (58.8%); overweight (27%); diabetes (24%) and dyslipidemia (23%). Smokers totaled 9.9% and 4.5% were alcoholics. Conclusion: in a society marked by increased life expectancy, aging with quality of life is prioritized! In this sense, Primary Health Care emerges as the facilitating means for hypertensive patients to reduce the complications inherent to cardiovascular diseases, thus preventing the appearance of other comorbidities in the long term.