O ensino da sociologia no Brasil e o novo ensino médio (NEM): uma análise a partir dos livros didáticos de sociologia

Abstract

The central objective of this undergraduate thesis is to comprehend, based on the organization and configuration of Sociology textbooks (before and after the High School Reform Law No. 13,415/2017), the epistemic and pedagogical possibilities for Sociology Education in Brazil. To achieve this central objective, the trajectory of the Sociology discipline in the High School curriculum in Brazil was revisited, considering its institutionalization and intermittencies. Subsequently, it became necessary to analyze the National Textbook Program, particularly Sociology textbooks, introduced in 2008, and how this inclusion reflects in the production of textbooks and the teaching of the discipline in High Schools. It was deemed essential to discuss the structuring of the New High School, according to the propositions of the National Common Curricular Base for the area of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, where the integration of the Sociology discipline occurs. The High School Reform also had an impact on the production of textbooks, and starting in 2021, the disciplinary Sociology book ceases to exist, and Sociology content becomes part of the interdisciplinary book of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences. To assess possible changes in the approach to conceptual categories from editions of the disciplinary Sociology book to the interdisciplinary book of Humanities, an analysis of content was conducted. A textbook from each edition of the program was selected for comparison to identify possible modifications in the production of the works. To operationalize the analysis, categories and subcategories from the Social Sciences areas of Sociology, Anthropology, and Political Science were listed. After the analysis of textbooks, categories, and subcategories, observations, changes, reductions, and alterations in the way thematic categories evolved in the production trajectory of Sociology textbooks are described.