A crise da democracia brasileira: reflexões teóricas a partir do debate recente sobre o enfraquecimento dos regimes democráticos

Abstract

This dissertation focuses as a theme the crisis of liberal democracy. Aiming to analyze democracy from the Brazilian reality, its weaknesses and setbacks in the current context. The first moment brings a conceptual analysis of the foundations of democracy, the conceptions and principles that historically characterize democratic regimes, which vary according to different theoretical perspectives. Then, the variations in the conception of democracy from different theoretical and normative conceptions and the dimensions and criteria most used to measure democratic regimes in relation to their quality and the current crisis are discussed. Finally, the recent deterioration in the quality of Brazilian democracy is analyzed, looking for elements related to political culture that stand out in the current context, with emphasis on institutional and cultural elements, based on the contributions of some of the main scholars of these dimensions in the country. The methodology is referenced in the critical-dialectical method and used as an instrument the bibliographic research among authors who have stood out in the study on democracy and the challenges of today in relation to its consolidation. The conclusion highlights that the crisis of Brazilian democracy is part of a process resulting from institutional weaknesses and limitations of Brazilian political culture, which currently have been sharpened by the process of dedemocratization resulting from neoliberal policies and the advance of neoconservatism that occurs in the capitalist western world. It also points to the urgent need to restart the struggle for democratization in the country.