Sintomatologia, resiliência e grupos de antineoplásicos em pacientes com câncer hematológico em terapia sistêmica

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer can encompass more than 100 diseases, accounting for approximately 12% of the causes of death worldwide. It can be classified into two large groups: solid and non-solid tumors, hematological neoplasms. As for the treatments used for hematological cancer, these correspond mainly to antineoplastic chemotherapy, radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, and these are treatments that sometimes result in adverse and side effects that are harmful to the patient, and that require resilience. Aim: To analyze the relationship between symptoms, resilience and antineoplastic groups in patients with hematological cancer undergoing systemic antineoplastic therapy. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, carried out with patients with hematological cancer treated with systemic therapy in a reference hospital for cancer care in southern Brazil. 101 individuals participated, between April 2022 and September 2023, who were interviewed with the help of a sociodemographic and clinical data collection instrument, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale instrument, and the Brief Resilience Scale. Data analysis was performed using parametric statistics. Results: We observed that among the psychological symptoms assessed, only difficulty concentrating was inversely proportional to resilience. Similarly, among the pharmacological groups used that were correlated with physical symptoms were alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents and topoisomerase inhibitors. The cluster of symptoms identified from patient assessment is in line with other studies carried out with cancer patients, in which there is a relationship between psychological and physical symptoms. Conclusion: We understand that there is a need for nursing professionals to have discernment in the face of clinical manifestations caused by cancer, and thus, provide humanized care to cancer patients, and the correct management of symptoms is part of this task.