Muro Frutal: sistemas de condução em pessegueiro e sua influência no crescimento vegetativo inicial e características produtivas e nutracêuticas dos frutos

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial vegetative development, productive characteristics, and fruit quality aspects in peach trees of the cultivars Rubramoore and Rubimel under different training systems. Experimental orchards were established in 2021 at the didactic and Experimental orchard of the experimental area of the Chapecó-SC Campus, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul – UFFS, with cv. Rubramoore, and at the didactic and experimental orchard in Sarandi - RS, at the Sarandi - RS, no Centro de Ensino Superior Riograndense - CESURG, with 'Rubimel' peach trees, both grafted onto 'Capdeboscq' in different training systems. At planting, pruning was carried out, when necessary, to form different training systems: open vase, spacing between plants of 5 x 3.5 m; "Y" (Ypsilon), spacing of 5 x 1.5 m; central leader, spacing of 5 x 0.8 m; 'double leader', spacing of 5 x 1.2 m; 'triple leader', spacing of 5 x 1.4 m; 'quadruple leader', spacing of 5 x 1.6 m; guyot/multiple leaders, spacing of 5 x 2.0 m. The experimental design used was randomized complete blocks with seven treatments and four replications for the Rubramoore cultivar and three replications for the Rubimel cultivar, with each replication consisting of five plants, with the three central plants being considered for evaluation. Vegetative development, productive characteristics, and fruit quality were evaluated. The data obtained were tested for normality and homogeneity and then subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and, when significant, compared using Tukey's test at 5% probability. Fruit production per plant was higher in planar systems, with the triple leader training system showing the highest number of fruits per plant. Fruit production per plant was superior in planar systems, with the triple leader standing out for having the highest number of fruits per plant in both experiments. Productivity varied among training systems, with the central leader achieving the highest yield per hectare in the first year. In planar systems (central leader, double leader, triple leader, and quadruple leader), nutraceutical components such as total sugars, vitamin C, and reducing sugars were higher in both experiments. However, these systems also exhibited lower levels of phenolic compounds, with the guyot system showing the lowest values for these nutritional analyses. The results provide important information for the choice of training systems, highlighting their influence on the production and nutritional quality of 'Rubramoore' and 'Rubimel' peach fruits.