Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes na região do norte gaúcho

Abstract

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a complex social problem and must be seen from different perspectives, such as: social, cultural, historical and psychological, which favors the development of research from an interdisciplinary perspective. The present research aims to analyze the narratives and characteristics of children and adolescents who suffered sexual violence in the region located in the north of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodologically, it is characterized by a qualitative and quantitative approach; in relation to procedures, bibliography and documents. The data collection took place in a Police Station that serves the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The discussions held come from post-structuralist theorists and address points such as the history of childhood and adolescence, protection laws, gender and body, which permeate childhood and adolescence. To carry out data analysis, police reports from the years 2022 and 2023 were used as material. We can count a total of 123 cases of reporting the crime of sexual violence against children and adolescents aged 0 to 17. The main victims are females, accounting for 86.17% of cases, while boys account for 13.83% of these cases. The age group with the highest rate of complaints are children and adolescents aged 12 to 14, accounting for 32.6% of cases, followed by children aged 9 to 11, accounting for 20.3%. The main accused are male, accounting for 92.67% of the cases, as their ages range from 12 to 79 years old. The main place where these children and adolescents suffered violence was in their own home, accounting for 38.21% of the cases. And finally, the main accused are family members, 52.03% of whom. In relation to qualitative data, 123 police reports were used, 35 cases, in which it was possible to identify discourses of fear of revealing the abuse suffered and the power that adults have in relation to children and adolescents, where it is possible to reflect on the verticality of relationships and the lack of voice that underage people still have. When parents are attentive to their children and open to dialogue, it is possible within each stage of the child's and adolescent's development to notice signs of abuse. Identifying this sometimes does not prevent it, but allows it to break cycles of violence and provide the necessary support. It was possible to conclude that sexual violence against children and adolescents is a serious and structural social problem, requiring a broad view and from different perspectives. These cases reached the police station, but many do not, so it is important to reflect on the importance of government involvement and all institutions, whether public or private, to talk about sexual violence, information and sexual education can be a way to reduce underreporting and reduce cases.