Análise de eficiência dos gastos públicos em educação fundamental nos municípios do estado do Paraná

Abstract

There is no doubt about the importance of education for the development of a nation. Although basic education in Brazil has public resources guaranteed by law, there are budgetary constraints given the phenomenon of scarcity. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the efficiency level of public spending on education in the first stage of elementary education in the municipalities of the state of Paraná in 2017. This study is characterized as a descriptive, documentary and predominantly quantitative study. . The method used to measure the efficiency level was the data envelopment analysis (DEA) - VRS. The selected input variables were the average expenditure per student, the number of students per teacher ratio, the number of students per school ratio, the number of students per class and the GDP per capita. The selected product was the Basic Education Development Index. (IDEB). Subsequently, by measuring the efficiency level, Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between the efficiency level and the inputs and between the efficiency level and the output. Finally, an analysis of the variables used in the study was made, aggregated by regional education nucleus. As for the main results, only 35 municipalities were identified in the efficiency frontier, of the 389 analyzed, that is, 9% of the sample presented as efficient. There was no correlation between expenditure per student and level of efficiency, a negative relationship between the number of student per teacher and the level of efficiency, a weak negative relationship between the number of students per school and the level of efficiency, a negative relationship between the number of students per class and the level of efficiency, a weak negative relationship between per capita GDP and the level of efficiency. Regarding the product, the IDEB showed a weak positive relationship with the efficiency level. Regarding the data aggregated by regional education centers, it was identified that the regional education center North Metropolitan Area has the lowest expenditure per student and has the largest number of efficient municipalities.