Produtividade do milho em solo adubado com diferentes fontes de dejetos líquidos de suínos aplicados sobre a superfície ou incorporados no sulco

Abstract

The high demand for swine production has caused serious environmental problems, largely due to the excess of waste generated and distributed inappropriately in areas unable to properly receive it. The incorrect disposal of manure is a major concern due to its macro and micronutrient composition, which results in the contamination of both surface and subsurface water resources. On the other hand, liquid swine manure (DLS - dejetos líquidos de suínos) is an option for fertilization, given its low cost and the availability of nutrients, which are essential for the development of various crops. Its widespread use in agriculture includes, among other things, the fertilization of grain-producing crops, animal pastures, fruit-growing, reforestation and the recovery of degraded areas, by supplying macro and micronutrients that are essential for crop development. In view of the theme presented, this study was conducted as a part of the conclusion of the Agronomy course at the Federal University of the Southern Frontier (UFFS - Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul). The main objective was to assess the potential of liquid swine manure, originating from animals at different stages of growth, applied in the furrow (incorporated) and on the soil surface, to influence the productivity of the maize crop (Zea mays). The experimental design used was the Randomized Block Design (DBA - Delineamento Blocos ao Acaso), containing 8 treatments and 4 replications: T1) DLS from the piglet production unit (UPL - Unidade produtora de leitões) applied in the furrow, T2) DLS from the UPL applied on the surface, T3) DLS from the nursery applied in the furrow, T4) DLS from the nursery applied on the surface, T5) DLS from animals in the finishing phase applied in the furrow, T6) DLS from animals in the finishing phase applied on the surface, T7) Control (with nothing), T8) Control (with nothing). The data obtained in the field experiment was subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison tests, using the Tukey test at a 5% probability of error, with the aid of the statistical analysis software. It was found that the DLS in the Termination phase, when applied in the furrow (incorporated), provided superior results to the other DLS, increasing the productivity of the corn crop.