Prevalência da vacinação pentavalente em lactentes acompanhados na atenção primária à saúde no município de Passo Fundo-RS

Abstract

The National Immunization Program (PNI), considered one of the most comprehensive in the world, is responsible for immunization efforts in Brazil. The Pentavalent vaccine, included in the child health record, aims to prevent diseases that were once leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality, such as Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B, Diphtheria, and Pertussis. Thus, it is essential to emphasize the importance of this vaccine for early childhood health in Brazil, as it serves as a key prevention and child care strategy. Objective: To identify the prevalence of Pentavalent vaccination coverage in selected Basic Health Units in the municipality of Passo Fundo, RS. Method: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical approach, with data collected from December 2022 to September 2023 from women in puericulture care within the specified territory. Results: A progressive decline in Pentavalent vaccination adherence among infants was observed. Initial adherence is higher among mothers under 17 years old, those without a partner, and those with higher educational levels; however, adherence drops in subsequent doses, especially among mothers aged 18-24, with incomplete elementary education, lower-income families, and for non-white mothers in the final doses. Discussion: The study reveals that Pentavalent vaccination coverage varies according to maternal age, race, marital status, and education level, indicating that mothers at age extremes and non white mothers face greater challenges in maintaining vaccination adherence. Conclusion: Sociodemographic analyses highlight the need for awareness campaigns and public health strategies tailored to the diverse family and social profiles of the population studied to achieve the stipulated 95% vaccination coverage target.