Incidência de leptospirose no Brasil no período de 2018 a 2022 e perfil epidemiológico de casos notificados

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a disease primarily transmitted through contaminated rodent urine and is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). This study is an ecological analysis aimed at examining the incidence of this disease across different regions of the country and the epidemiological profile of patients from 2018 to 2022. The study was conducted by collecting data from the Disease Notification System related to leptospirosis, limited to the years 2018 to 2022, to identify the determinants of disease variables across various regions of Brazil. The analysis was conducted according to the variables: gender, age, ethnicity, and education level. A total of 13,548 cases of leptospirosis were recorded during this period. The incidence was highest in the state of Acre, with 91.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and the epidemiological profile of patients affected by the disease was predominantly male (82.3%), mixed-race (47%), aged between 20 and 39 years (38.3%), and with incomplete primary education. The results of this study are consistent with previous research on the subject. The epidemiological analysis on this topic allows for a better understanding of the social and epidemiological variables influencing the incidence of the disease.