Intervenções assistenciais no manejo de enfermagem ao paciente com dor torácica em um serviço de emergência

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are one of the main causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. Early assessment and appropriate treatment are crucial to reducing the mortality associated with these conditions. Chest pain is the main symptom presented by patients with myocardial ischemia, but its characterization is not always easy, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. The initial screening and anamnesis carried out by nurses is fundamental for characterizing, assessing and making decisions about chest pain, as well as helping to identify possible complications. The aim of this study is to identify how the assessment of patients with chest pain is carried out and the procedures adopted by nurses in an emergency department. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive approach to data, in which data was collected between August and October 2024 using a printed questionnaire containing eleven closed questions, two of which are yes/no answers and why if the answer is no. Twelve nurses working in the emergency department of a referral hospital in western Santa Catarina took part in the study. The inclusion criteria were: being a nurse on the nursing roster for the morning, afternoon and evening shifts in the emergency department, and having worked there for more than 4 months. The exclusion criterion was nurses taking time off, vacations or absences from the sector. The results obtained were transcribed into Excel spreadsheets and then transferred to the SPSS version 26.0 statistical program for descriptive statistical analysis. The data analysis revealed some weaknesses in recognizing the symptoms of AMI and the differential diagnosis of chest pain. However, it is clear that most of the nurses showed good knowledge of how to perform an electrocardiogram, door-to-needle and door-to-balloon times, recommended medications, as well as the initial management of patients with chest pain.