Comunicação clínica na pediatria: potencialidades e fragilidades na formação médica

Abstract

Communication is one of the essential skills for the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the potentialities and challenges present in the doctor-patient communication of graduates and interns of the Medicine course at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Chapecó campus (SC), during the health care of children. For this, a qualitative research was carried out, using the narrative interview method. Six interns and six graduates of the Medicine course at the aforementioned University, aged between 20 and 40, participated. In the initiation phase, researchers explained the subject of the narrative to the participant. Participants told their experiences in the clinical care of children, in relation to their perceptions of verbal and non-verbal communication. The transcribed reports were paraphrased into synthetic sentences and inserted into the QDA Miner and Word Stat (Provalis Research, Montreal, Canada) for data analysis. The sentences were classified with only one code, and sentences that referred to the same thing were thematically classified with the same code. Thematic nodes and subnodes emerged from the aggregation of significant textual passages coded similarly. This study's results were divided into sections, each one with its frequency (represented in percentage and by the letter "n") with the following themes: reports on the practice of communication in clinical life (n = 38.8%) reports of clinicals situations experienced by the students/professional (n = 6.1%), reports on the communication component in the medical course (n = 25.4%), perceptions about the medical training process (n = 21.8%) and reports on the feelings experienced by the students/professionals (n = 7.3%). Lastly, the study showed that students and doctors who had previous lessons on health communication feel more secure during professional work day. A better management of an individual's feelings is perceived, for example, during experiences which require formal protocols, and in general instance regarding the relationship with the patient, a child or not, and other subjects presented in the doctor-patient dynamic.