Biodiversidade de aves na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim - RS

Abstract

Birds are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates, with global prominence and ecological importance as bioindicators. Habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic pressure threaten avifauna, especially in biomes such as the Atlantic Forest, which harbors high diversity and endemism. This study aimed to estimate the species richness, composition, and spatial distribution of avifauna in the area of the Erechim Campus of the Federal University of the Southern Frontier (UFFS). The methodology involved point count sampling across six transects distributed in two areas with varying levels of human occupation and vegetation regeneration. Data collection occurred between October 2024 and April 2025, using binoculars, photographic records, audio recordings, and species identification through guides and specialized software. Analyses were conducted for richness, diversity (Shannon Index), ecological attributes, habitat use, and sensitivity to environmental disturbances. A total of 101 bird species were recorded, representing 14.3% of the species known in Rio Grande do Sul. Area 2, with more conserved vegetation, showed a higher number of species (N=84), greater diversity (H’=4.01), greater evenness, and exclusive occurrence of species with high environmental sensitivity. Most species were omnivorous or insectivorous, with broad habitat use. It is concluded that even anthropized areas such as the Erechim Campus can serve as important refuges for avifauna conservation, especially where there is environmental heterogeneity and the presence of forest remnants.