Estudo comparativo de protocolos analgésicos e anestésicos em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia na SUHVU da UFFS

Abstract

The mammary glands in dogs are generally 5 pairs, cranial and caudal thoracic, cranial and caudal abdominal and inguinal. Neoplasms are commonly detected in the caudal and inguinal abdominal breasts because they have more breast parenchyma. The diagnosis and prognosis of dogs with mammary neoplasia depend on surgical excision, that is, surgery is recommended as treatment. In dogs, breast tumors account for approximately 41.7% of detected tumors. Both unilateral and bilateral mastectomy is a surgery with great tissue dissemination and involves pain, as the procedure is time-consuming, causes inflammation, swelling and moderate to severe pain after surgery. Due to acute pain after surgery, mastectomy requires appropriate analgesia and anesthesia methods. Based on this, the study sought to evaluate the anesthetic protocols used in total unilateral mastectomy in bitches at the Superintendency of the Veterinary Hospital Unit (SUHVU) of the Federal University of Fronteira - Campus Realeza / PR, from February 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. 39 anesthetic records of patients undergoing this procedure were examined, with medical records listed in SimplesVet (Management System). The animals were separated into groups based on the anesthetic protocols used: MPA: 15 preanesthetic protocols were used and 11 medications were administered, comprising 1 to 3 anesthetics. The most used protocol was the association of methadone+ketamine+midazolam (n=14), corresponding to 36%, providing appropriate muscle relaxation, reducing muscle spasticity, causing tranquilization, hypnosis and being an anticonvulsant. Methadone promotes good analgesia and reduces the emetic effect; Induction: 11 protocols used, from 1 to 3 anesthetics and 7 medications. Propofol was the most used medication in the induction of 35 bitches (90%), it can be associated with other anesthetics during surgery, without causing cardiorespiratory changes and the patient quickly regains consciousness; Maintenance: there were 15 protocols, from 1 to 4 anesthetics, with 9 medications administered. Continuous infusions (MLK and FLK) were used, in addition to locoregional blockade when necessary (SP block). The most used protocol was FLK in 13 animals (34%) and the most used analgesic medication was lidocaine because it promotes analgesia in locoregional blocks and can be used as a continuous infusion, reducing the use of other drugs. In the 39 animals evaluated, the effectiveness of the aforementioned protocols for analgesia was confirmed by the greater number of uses.