Prevalência e fatores relacionados a doença renal crônica em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia vascular em um hospital terciário do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients undergoing vascular procedures, as well as to investigate associated factors and analyze the outcomes of these patients compared to those without such comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from the medical records of patients who underwent vascular surgery in a hospital in northern Rio Grande do Sul, from January 2019 to December 2022. Results: Among the 1,229 patients included in the study, the most prevalent sociodemographic and health-related characteristics were: male sex (58.6%), aged 60–80 years (61.6%), smokers (24.5%), hypertensive individuals (64.3%), diabetic individuals (34.9%), insulin-dependent (11.4%), dyslipidemic (26.8%), with CKD (21.2%), ESRD (5.6%), and dialysis-dependent (3.7%). Additionally, 43% had Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), 67.5% underwent surgical revascularization, and 18.1% had undergone amputation—68% of which were minor amputations. In the CKD subgroup (n=261), higher disease prevalence was observed among patients aged 60–80 years (61.3%, p≤0.001), with hypertension (80.8%, p≤0.001), diabetes (50.6%, p≤0.001), insulin dependence (25.7%, p≤0.001), dyslipidemia (35.6%, p≤0.001), PAD (51.3%, p≤0.002), those who underwent surgical revascularization (77.4%, p≤0.001), and those who had limb amputation (23.4%, p≤0.012). In the ESRD subgroup (n=69), greater disease prevalence was found among patients with hypertension (85.5%, p≤0.001), diabetes (55.1%, p≤0.001), insulin dependence (33.3%, p≤0.001), dyslipidemia (39.1%, p=0.017), and those who underwent surgical revascularization (81.2%, p=0.013). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the literature and highlight the complexity of CKD in patients undergoing vascular procedures. Keywords: Vascular Surgery; Chronic Kidney Disease; Prevalence; Peripheral Arterial Disease