Trichoderma spp. no tratamento de sementes de cultivares de soja

Abstract

The national and world production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) has shown a growing increase, driven by the performance of adequate management in the crop, technological research and increasingly productive cultivars. Soybean seeds are the main input in the implementation of a new crop cycle, making seed treatment an indispensable practice which, to a large extent, is carried out with the use of synthetic pesticides. On the other hand, there are biological products based on fungi or bacteria on the market, especially those based on Trichoderma spp. due to the numerous advantages provided by virtue of its multiple mechanisms of action. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating products based on Trichoderma species/isolates in seeds of two soybean cultivars on some attributes of physiological seed quality. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD), with a 2x6 bifactorial arrangement and 5 replicates for each treatment. The first factor corresponded to the soybean cultivars, being: Neo 560 IPRO and Neo 610 IPRO. The second factor corresponded to the seed treatments that were performed, being: Trichoderma harzianum strain SIMBI T5 (GreenContol®), Trichoderma asperelloides strain MMBF 94/17 (Beifort FT10®), Trichoderma asperellum URM 5911 (Organic®), Trichoderma endophyticum isolated IBCB 56/12 (Lalnix Resist®), Trichoderma harzianum strain ESALQ-1306 (Trichodermil Super®) and a control using only water. From this, tests were performed to determine the first germination count, germination potential, germination speed index, aerial part height and root length, in addition to the dry mass of both parts. It can be seen that each cultivar reacts differently to seed treatments and that, when different strains of the same species are used, the results are different for each cultivar. In the end, it can be seen that the most efficient treatments for the Neo 560 IPRO cultivar were with T. harzianum strain SIMBI T5 and for the Neo 610 IPRO cultivar, the highlight was the treatment using T. endophyticum isolate IBCB 56/12.