Prevalência de alto risco cardiovascular na população atendida em um ambulatório de saúde indígena

Abstract

This article aims to estimate the prevalence of high cardiovascular risk in patients treated at an Indigenous Health Outpatient Clinic. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. The outcome "High cardiovascular risk" was defined as individuals presenting at least three risk factors: smoking, diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, advanced age, and dyslipidemia. The convenience sample consisted of 570 Indigenous individuals treated between August 2021 and June 2024. Sociodemographic, clinical, and health characteristics were analyzed. The sample comprises mostly women (59.3%), adults (86.3%), belonging to the Kaingang ethnic group (69.6%), living in villages (54.7%), with a spouse (55.4%) and with education ≤ complete elementary education (62.6%). The prevalence of high cardiovascular risk found was 18.6% (95% CI 15.41 - 21.79). A higher prevalence of high cardiovascular risk was observed in male patients (62.3%), education level equal to or less than complete primary education (62.6%), who stopped using alcohol (81.6%) and who are affected by coronary heart disease (70%). Among the cardiovascular risk factors, the most prevalent were sedentary lifestyle (93.9%), obesity (26.0%), systemic arterial hypertension (25.4%), smoking (12.1%), diabetes mellitus (11.75%), alcoholism (9.6%), dyslipidemia (5.1%), and chronic renal failure (0.4%). Among previous cardiovascular conditions, coronary heart disease has the highest prevalence at 41.4%. The study contributed to a better understanding of the clinical conditions of the indigenous people treated at this location, enabling better health intervention strategies.