Zoonoses em animais silvestres no Brasil: impactos para conservação da fauna

Abstract

Zoonoses in wild animals represent a challenge for public health and biodiversity conservation, especially given the increasing contact between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Considering the importance of understanding these interactions, this study aimed to survey zoonotic diseases affecting wild animals in Brazil and discuss their impacts on species conservation. The research was conducted through a bibliographic review of studies published between 2014 and 2025, including books, book chapters, scientific articles, theses, dissertations and technical reports. A total of 193 wild species affected by 49 zoonoses were recorded, with mammals being the most impacted group, particularly by diseases such as Chagas disease, leptospirosis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis. The results demonstrate that these diseases have the potential to cause harm to wild populations and highlight the importance of further studies to clarify remaining knowledge gaps. The constant monitoring of zoonoses in wildlife is essential for the preservation of fauna and for preventing ecological impacts and reemerging diseases.