Percepção da violência nas relações cotidianas dos adolescentes: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Violence in adolescents' daily relationships reproduces various negative externalities that affect their health, since it concerns a moment in life characterized by a complex process of growth and biopsychosocial development. Actions to address this phase of life therefore require qualified care that is attentive to the vulnerabilities of this group. Methodology: this study is a narrative review of the literature based on the following research question: what are adolescents' perceptions of violence in their daily lives according to the scientific literature? The articles were searched in the databases of the Virtual Health Library: BDEnf, Medline, and Lilacs, and through the journal portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel: CINAHL and SCOPUS, with the following inclusion criteria: adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. This age group was adopted by the WHO and the Ministry of Health, and articles addressing the topic were available in full online. They included studies from open access publications available in full, with no time restrictions. Exclusion criteria were: incomplete articles, articles that could not be accessed online, literature reviews, ministerial manuals, theses, dissertations, and monographs. Database searches were conducted between September and October 2025. The analysis identified two themes: a) violence in the school context, with an emphasis on bullying; b) violence in the daily lives of adolescents. Results: the database searches resulted in a final sample of fifteen studies. A) Characterization of the studies: most were conducted in Brazil, with all studies published in Portuguese and only one international study available in Spanish. Regarding the sociodemographic profile of the studies, it was observed that most of the studies were conducted in the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions of the country, and one study was conducted in a province in Spain. The age range of the participants in the studies varied between 10 and 19 years of age, following the definition recommended by the WHO. B) Characterization of themes: based on the main findings of studies A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, and A13, violence in the daily school life of adolescents was evident, highlighting it as a reality that permeates the school environment and pointing out the various types of violence, with bullying being the most prevalent.In addition, the studies emphasized that violence in the school context has roots that are intrinsically linked to other factors, such as social, economic, and cultural factors, and is not limited to this physical space, but brings these factors into the school environment. The results, in turn, highlighted the short- and long-term consequences that this phenomenon can have on the lives, health, and prospects of adolescents. Scientific studies A2, A6, A8, A10, A11, A12, A14, and A15 highlight the different representations of the phenomenon of violence that permeate the lives and daily routines of adolescents in different contexts. Structural and cultural factors, the lack of safe leisure spaces, the use of psychoactive substances, the influence of the media, violence in intimate relationships, and the fragility of family ties have a profound impact. These elements shape trajectories marked by vulnerabilities, ranging from disputes over public spaces to experiences of abuse, sexual exploitation, and ruptures with the family environment.Final considerations: The studies included in this review provided insight into the multiple dimensions of violence that permeate the daily lives of adolescents, whether in the school environment, family relationships, the community, digital media, or street situations, profoundly affecting their development, health, dreams, and future prospects.